buckthorn
(Rhamnus /Frangula)
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| Nepticulidae | |
| Contorted galley will dispersed frass [6-7+9-10] | Stigmella catharticella 98 |
| Bucculatricidae | |
| Mine starts as a tightly wound spiral staining leaf blackish violet; then the mine straightens with no staining; after leaving mine larva eats out windows from below [8-9] | Bucculatrix frangutella 270 |
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