Food Plant: Betula (Birch)

Mine: August to September, with some larvae developing more slowly, and feeding again in April and May.

Notes: Larva mining leaves, the blotches brownish. The final case is 8-11mm long, slender, and fixed at 45° to leaf surface, with anal end laterally compressed. The case has a serrated keel (as shown) due to formation from the edge of a leaf.

Image:© David Manning